Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Different Levels of BMI.

Body mass index is an inexpensive and easy method of screening for weight categories that may lead to health problems. Increased BMI in overweight and obese persons is directly associated with an increase in metabolic disease, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. This Analytical cross sectional study was undertaken to assess the relation between increasing BMI and glycemic control of body through measuring glycosylated hemoglobin. This study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2011 to June 2012 on 180 equally divided male and female persons between the age of 25 to 55 years. Age more than 55 years and less than 25 years and diagnosed case of hypothyroidism, cushing's syndrome, polycystic ovary, antipsychotic drug user and regular steroid users were excluded. Non probability purposive type of sampling technique was used for selecting the study subjects. Measurement of body mass index was done as per procedure. Glycosylated hemoglobin was estimated by Boronate Affinity method. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS (version 17.0). Data were expressed as Mean (±SE) and statistical significance of difference among the groups were calculated by unpaired student's 't' test and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests were done as applicable. There was no significant difference of glycosylated hemoglobin level between control and study groups. But there was positive correlation within each group (r=0.255, 0.37 and 0.39 in control, overweight and obese respectively). The observed positive correlation between BMI and glycosylated hemoglobin emphasizes the maintenance of normal BMI to prevent early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Health education activities highlighting the danger of becoming overweight and obese should be undertaken.

Treatment of a recurrent parotid fistula and sialocele by controlled internal fistula: a case report.

A 17 years old male patient presented with continuous flow of clear watery discharge from his right cheek for 14 years following trauma. He had previous history of two surgical interventions but result was not satisfactory. The diagnosis was parotid fistula & sialocele based on clinical examination & investigation. To repair this fistula we entered the sialocele cavity where saliva was accumulated between the superficial fascia & parotid fascia, then one end of feeding tube (5Fr) was placed at the bottom of the cavity and another end was fixed intra-orally to create a controlled fistula. After four weeks the feeding tube removed and a channel was made through which the salivary flow comes out, up to one year follow up resulting a satisfactory outcome.

Clinical outcomes of management of myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate two years clinical outcome of patients having myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS). A total of 50 patients (male: 15, Female: 35, age: raged from 20 to 65 years) were included for this study. Clinical diagnosis for the assessment of anxiety and depression of each patient was performed by Hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale. Patients were then received either one of the following treatments: Occlusion correction only (n=14), Muscle Relaxant + anti-depressant drug (n=26), Physiotherapy + antidepressant drug + muscle relaxant (n=6) and Appliance + muscle relaxant (n= 4). Following two years observation, it was revealed that the treatment was apparently successful in 95% case; only 5% case was not successful due to their irregular visit. It can be concluded that MPDS is not primarily related to occlusal factors and a complex psycho physiological mechanism is involved in this type of pain problems.

Outcome of tympanoplasty with and without cortical mastoidectomy for tubotympanic chronic otitis media.

This cross sectional study was done to find out the level of hearing improvement in Type-I tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy in tubotympanic chronic otitis media. Data were analyzed from 60 patients with audiometric studies with a minimum of 6 months follow up. Patients who under went tympanoplasty alone were kept in Group I, and who under went tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy were kept in Group II. All patients prior to tympanoplasty were examined thoroughly after taking detailed history. On otoscopy, site and size of the tympanic membrane perforation, condition of the rest of the tympanic membrane, condition of the middle ear mucosa and the ossicles were noted. Tuning fork test, test for facial nerve integrity and fistulae test were performed. Hearing level was assessed by pure tone audiometry with masking. X-ray mastoid and X-ray paranasal sinuses were done to exclude local pathology. Surgical approaches were mostly post-auricular and in few cases it was per-meatal in Group I patient. Audiometric evaluation performed according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard. Hearing threshold measured at 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Hearing improvement was assessed by closure of the air bone gap. Mean closure of air bone gap in Group I was 9.38 dB and in Group II it was 20.61 dB which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Improvement of hearing level was more in patient who underwent tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy than those patients on whom only tympanoplasty was performed. Hearing gain is more in Type-1 tympanoplasty combining with Cortical Mastoidectomy than in Type-1 tympanoplasty alone in the patient's of tubotympanic otitis media.